Located near Naples, Italy, the Campi Flegrei caldera is causing growing concern among scientists. Once dormant, this massive volcanic system is now exhibiting troubling signs of renewed activity.
Recent earthquakes, increased gas emissions, and shifting ground levels have all indicated that this ancient supervolcano may be reawakening. Given its destructive potential, experts around the world are paying close attention.
What Is Campi Flegrei?
Also known as the Phlegraean Fields, Campi Flegrei is a large, complex volcanic region near Naples. Unlike typical volcanoes, this one is classified as a supervolcano, capable of producing eruptions with global consequences.
Over thousands of years, it has shaped the landscape and supported growing populations. Today, millions live within its reach, unaware that they’re residing above one of the world’s most dangerous volcanic zones.
A Spike in Earthquakes
In May, the region experienced a 4.4-magnitude earthquake—the strongest in 40 years. This event wasn’t isolated. Over the last half-year, over 3,000 smaller quakes have rattled the area.
Scientists believe this earthquake swarm is the result of magma shifting beneath the Earth’s surface. While not every swarm leads to an eruption, this pattern of increased seismic activity is too significant to dismiss.
Unprecedented Gas Emissions
Alongside the quakes, researchers have measured an alarming rise in gas output. The volcanic area is now releasing between 4,000 and 5,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide daily.
This dramatic increase suggests that magma is rising, pushing gases through cracks in the Earth. Such emissions are often early signs that a volcanic system is becoming more active.
Cracking Beneath the Surface
Another key development is the shift in how the Earth’s crust is reacting. Previously, the ground would bend under pressure—a phenomenon known as bradyseism. Now, researchers are noticing cracks forming in the crust.
This change is critical because cracks can allow magma to reach the surface more easily. Scientists view this as one of the most direct indicators that the volcano could erupt shortly.
Millions at Risk
What makes Campi Flegrei particularly dangerous is its location. Unlike remote volcanoes, this one sits close to major cities, including Naples and Pozzuoli.
These areas are densely populated, with homes, schools, and hospitals scattered throughout.
An eruption could send lava, ash, and toxic gases into these communities with little warning. Emergency planners are now working to update evacuation strategies in case disaster strikes.
Lessons from the Past
Campi Flegrei’s history offers insight into what might come. Around 40,000 years ago, it unleashed one of Earth’s most powerful eruptions—an event believed to have contributed to the decline of the Neanderthals.
Its last eruption in 1538 formed a new hill, Monte Nuovo, in just a few days. These historic eruptions demonstrate how quickly and dramatically this volcano can change the landscape.
The Ground Is Rising
Since 2005, scientists have observed the ground in the Pozzuoli area rising by nearly five feet. This gradual lift is caused by magma and gas building up pressure below the surface.
While the movement may seem slow, it’s a strong signal that underground forces are at work. Each inch of uplift adds to concerns that the volcano is edging closer to eruption.
A Threat Beyond Italy
The danger doesn’t stop at Italy’s borders. A significant eruption could send ash clouds drifting across Europe, disrupting air travel and harming agriculture.
Like Mount Tambora’s eruption in 1815, which caused global cooling, Campi Flegrei could affect weather and food production worldwide. This highlights how supervolcanoes can influence entire continents.
Constant Monitoring and Preparation
Despite the uncertainty, scientists are closely monitoring Campi Flegrei with sensors, satellites, and gas detectors. These tools provide critical data that help authorities prepare and inform the public.
While it’s impossible to predict the exact timing of an eruption, staying vigilant may save lives. For now, the world watches a restless supervolcano with cautious eyes.
